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                <h3 id="javaScrpt-原型和原型链"><a href="#javaScrpt-原型和原型链" class="headerlink" title="javaScrpt 原型和原型链"></a>javaScrpt 原型和原型链</h3><h4 id="1-构造函数-Constructor"><a href="#1-构造函数-Constructor" class="headerlink" title="1. 构造函数(Constructor)"></a>1. 构造函数(Constructor)</h4><p>构造函数中的有一个 prototype 属性,通过该属性,我们可以访问到原型;<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/qDWNI7tKjnTgmk2.png" alt="构造函数Person"></p>
<p>Person 为构造函数,Person.prototype 就是原型;<br>故构造函数和原型的关系为<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/9rElS417gCIzVoR.png" alt="构造函数和原型之间的关系"></p>
<h4 id="2-原型-prototype"><a href="#2-原型-prototype" class="headerlink" title="2. 原型(prototype)"></a>2. 原型(prototype)</h4><p>定义:构造函数 Person.prototype 属性指向的就是原型对象,简称原型</p>
<h4 id="3-实例-instance"><a href="#3-实例-instance" class="headerlink" title="3. 实例(instance)"></a>3. 实例(instance)</h4><p>有了构造函数,我们可以通过 new 操作符创建一个实例;<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/NXERxw8ipf3Fksn.png" alt="构造函数和原型还有实例之间三角关系"></p>
<h5 id="3-1-实例可以继承原型上的属性"><a href="#3-1-实例可以继承原型上的属性" class="headerlink" title="3.1 实例可以继承原型上的属性"></a>3.1 实例可以继承原型上的属性</h5><p>当我们在原型上定义一个属性,实例时可以”继承”该属性的;<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/gHPDWEjkC1X5wBz.png" alt="实例从原型上继承属性"></p>
<h4 id="4-隐式原型-proto"><a href="#4-隐式原型-proto" class="headerlink" title="4. 隐式原型(proto)"></a>4. 隐式原型(<strong>proto</strong>)</h4><p>定义:实例可以通过<strong><em>proto</em></strong>访问到原型;<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/SKdTeMWsDCyuE2A.png" alt="隐式原型(__proto__)"><br>所以 Person.prototype === person.*<strong>*proto**</strong>;<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/ZTsfjIAd3bQewCG.png" alt="person.__proto__ === Person.prototype"></p>
<h4 id="5-原型上的-constructor-属性"><a href="#5-原型上的-constructor-属性" class="headerlink" title="5. 原型上的 constructor 属性"></a>5. 原型上的 constructor 属性</h4><p>有既然构造函数可以通过 prototype 属性访问到原型,那么原型自然也能访问到构造函数<br>这就是 constructor 属性</p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/r4taMnEI5p38Q2f.png" alt="prototype.constructor属性"></p>
<p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/PuXbOtSsHRLN69e.png" alt="构造函数和原型和实例三者最终关系"></p>
<h4 id="6-原型链"><a href="#6-原型链" class="headerlink" title="6. 原型链"></a>6. 原型链</h4><p>原型也可以通过<em>proto</em>属性访问到原型的原型,这样形成的一个链性结构:原型 =&gt; 原型的原型 =&gt; 原型的原型的原型 =&gt; 直到 Object 构造函数为止;我们称之为原型链;<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/CNftU6DsSQVH19I.png" alt="原型链"></p>
<p>到 null 了么，原型链搜索搜到 null 为止，搜不到那访问的这个属性就是不存在的<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/pb741ciZWOQVKLa.png" alt="原型链"></p>
<h4 id="7-拓展"><a href="#7-拓展" class="headerlink" title="7. 拓展"></a>7. 拓展</h4><p>由于还是对于原型的定义还是不是很理解,故拓展参考了<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2011/06/designing_ideas_of_inheritance_mechanism_in_javascript.html">阮一峰的继承机制的文章</a></p>
<h5 id="7-1-new-操作符的缺点"><a href="#7-1-new-操作符的缺点" class="headerlink" title="7.1 new 操作符的缺点"></a>7.1 new 操作符的缺点</h5><p>当我们用构造函数去创建一个实例时,创建的实例对象无法共享属性和方法。这样造成了极大的资源的浪费;<br><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/6DpzS4ygrlfAWxH.png" alt="原型的进一步思考"><br>因此引入了 prototype 属性,该属性包涵了一个对象(称之为<strong>prototype 对象</strong>),<font color=#FF0000 >所有实例对象需要共享的属性和方法,都放在这个对象里面；那些不需要共享的属性和方法，就放在构造函数里面。</font><br>实例对象一旦创建，将自动引用 prototype 对象的属性和方法。也就是说，实例对象的属性和方法,分成两种,一种是私有的,放在构造函数上;另一种是共有的,放在(<font color=#FF0000>原型对象上</font>)的。</p>
<h4 id="8-JavaScript-常见的内置对象的原型链"><a href="#8-JavaScript-常见的内置对象的原型链" class="headerlink" title="8. JavaScript 常见的内置对象的原型链"></a>8. JavaScript 常见的内置对象的原型链</h4><h5 id="8-1-Boolean-构造函数的原型链"><a href="#8-1-Boolean-构造函数的原型链" class="headerlink" title="8.1 Boolean 构造函数的原型链"></a>8.1 Boolean 构造函数的原型链</h5><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/n2zKNIF41f3bL8q.png" alt="Boolean构造函数的原型链"></p>
<h5 id="8-2-Array-构造函数的原型链"><a href="#8-2-Array-构造函数的原型链" class="headerlink" title="8.2 Array 构造函数的原型链"></a>8.2 Array 构造函数的原型链</h5><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/mXuJ8fDt5Z7NRwh.png" alt="Array构造函数的原型链"></p>
<h5 id="8-3-Number-构造函数的原型链"><a href="#8-3-Number-构造函数的原型链" class="headerlink" title="8.3 Number 构造函数的原型链"></a>8.3 Number 构造函数的原型链</h5><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/eWcH3sFZJ5kfMhX.png" alt="Number构造函数的原型链"></p>
<h5 id="8-4-String-构造函数的原型链"><a href="#8-4-String-构造函数的原型链" class="headerlink" title="8.4 String 构造函数的原型链"></a>8.4 String 构造函数的原型链</h5><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/lKiySpOnAatLYj6.png" alt="String构造函数的原型链"></p>
<h5 id="8-5-Object-构造函数的原型链"><a href="#8-5-Object-构造函数的原型链" class="headerlink" title="8.5 Object 构造函数的原型链"></a>8.5 Object 构造函数的原型链</h5><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/DigA4tbcCTmJkeM.png" alt="Object构造函数的原型链"></p>
<h5 id="8-6-Date-构造函数的原型链"><a href="#8-6-Date-构造函数的原型链" class="headerlink" title="8.6 Date 构造函数的原型链"></a>8.6 Date 构造函数的原型链</h5><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/15/pPnCVvOlY3m2heb.png" alt="Date构造函数的原型链"></p>
<h5 id="8-7-JSON-对象的原型链"><a href="#8-7-JSON-对象的原型链" class="headerlink" title="8.7 JSON 对象的原型链"></a>8.7 JSON 对象的原型链</h5><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/16/FvtCGaDgzZbQcYX.png" alt="JSON对象的原型链"></p>
<h5 id="8-8-Math-对象的原型链"><a href="#8-8-Math-对象的原型链" class="headerlink" title="8.8 Math 对象的原型链"></a>8.8 Math 对象的原型链</h5><p><img src="https://i.loli.net/2021/03/16/3EIY6DaTVqfGjNm.png" alt="Math对象的原型链"></p>
<p>本文所有的图片都是转载自:<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://juejin.cn/post/6844903797039300615">https://juejin.cn/post/6844903797039300615</a></p>

                
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